Optimization of the Seawater-to-Hydrogen Value Chain: A Safety-Integrated Framework for Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Distribution.

Abstract

Increasing demand for clean energy to reduce carbon footprint and as well as to reduce fossil fuel consumption has become very important globally. Among all alternatives, hydrogen is the more reliable candidate to replace fossil fuel. seawater electrolysis is increasingly recognized as a promising technology for green hydrogen production. As to production for large scale surface water or ground water will not be enough so for large scale production of Hydrogen from sea water electrolysis is a better choice. This article will provide comprehensive analysis of recent Advancements of water electrolysis and examine an integrated seawater-to-hydrogen supply-chain framework for sustainable hydrogen production in coastal areas. This article also evaluates technical, economic and environmental factors affecting the supply-chain performance, along with solutions how to overcome these problems. And for sea water electrolysis use of renewable energy to reduce the cost of production as well as reduction of pressure on the electricity. Also hydrogen blending with fuels to minimize the dependency on fossil fuels. Particular attention is given to storage the Hydrogen fuel as liquid fuel, or convert the H2 fuel to more stable liquid ammonia or other products, as it can damage pipe lines or storage tanks, and we also give a solutions to overcome this problem. This article also addressed the transportation of hydrogen fuel problems and their solutions. Some ways of transportation are land transportation via trailer and pipeline, overseas shipping and some related commercial data, are reviewed. Nevertheless, brine management, equipment corrosion,  high infrastructure investment remain key challenges. This study provides a basis for designing safe and sustainable green-hydrogen supply chains in coastal regions, including how to minimize production costs with the help of other renewable energy sources to split seawater. Moreover, this study also provides solutions to overcome the challenges of safe storage and transportation.