Gen-Z’s Intention to Use Crowd Logistics in Dhaka: An Integrated UTAUT–UTAUT2–SET Framework

Abstract

This study investigates factors shaping Gen-Z’s intentions to adopt crowd logistics (CL) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by integrating UTAUT, UTAUT2, and SET to capture both technological and behavioral drivers. Using a cross-sectional convenience sample of 202 Gen-Z respondents (surveyed between June and August 2025), constructs were measured on 5-point Likert scales and analyzed with PLS-SEM in SmartPLS4 employing a 5,000-resample bootstrapping procedure. The integrated model explained 73.5% of the variance in intention (R² = 0.735). Results show autonomy, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, price value, and trust significantly and positively predict intention to use CL, while hedonic motivation and perceived risk, although not significantly, negatively predict intention to use CL. Research findings indicate that Dhaka’s Gen-Z approach CL in a pragmatic way that prioritizes control, ease of use, tangible performance gains, and value for money over enjoyment or risk concerns. Practically, CL platforms can foreground user control, seamless UX, transparent pricing, and baseline trust mechanisms; policymakers can support uptake via regulatory clarity, digital infrastructure, and sustainability alignment. The paper advances theory to provide explanations in an evolving economy by integrating perspectives on social exchange and technology acceptance.