Toward Sustainable Alternatives: Analyzing Bioplastic Supply Chain Challenges in Bangladesh’s Local Market

Abstract

The rapid increase in global plastic production of over 360 million tonnes per annum has heightened concerns about environmental degradation, with single-use plastics the most problematic as their permanence in the environment can result in long-term ecological impacts. Transforming waste into sustainable alternatives like bioplastics would be huge in a country like Bangladesh, generating around 23,334 tons of municipal solid waste per day, of which 68% is organic. This paper is an attempt to critically explore the possibility and challenges of establishing a bioplastics supply chain in Bangladesh, which includes the technological aspect, economic impediments, environmental advantages and policy environments. A qualitative research model applying systematic literature review, case study, stakeholder analysis, and life cycle assessment was utilized to reflect the current situation and potential development of bioplastics. Results indicate that despite having high initial investments with underdeveloped production systems, jute and food waste-based bioplastics have significant environmental benefits, such as rapid biodegradation rate and lower landfill costs. Nevertheless, tech maturity, market competitiveness, and policy support are not yet sufficient for the large-scale application of the technology. It is concluded that with the support of R&D and government subsidies and establishment of marketing facilities and public awareness, Bangladesh can play an important role in the replacement of conventional plastics by bio-based plastics and it will be a part global alternative to synthetic plastics.